Unlike on Earth, where gravity dictates "down," space lacks a universal gravitational pull to define up and down. Astronauts navigate using celestial bodies as reference points, such as the sun, Earth, or other planets. Directions in space are relative to the observer and the chosen reference point. There is no absolute "up" or "down" that applies to everyone.
Objects in orbit, like the International Space Station (ISS), are in a state of free fall, constantly falling towards the Earth but also moving forward, hence their apparent "weightlessness".
Spacecraft use various methods for navigation, including star trackers, inertial measurement units, and communication with Earth-based tracking stations.
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astronauts call the direction of the center of the planet Earth Normal.
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